Neovim is a modal editor - every mode has a distinct purpose. This article covers the three modes you’ll use alongside Normal mode: Insert, Visual, and Command.

Insert Mode Variants

Entering Insert mode is intentional; there are several entry points depending on where you want the cursor:

KeyAction
iInsert before current character
aInsert after current character
AAppend at end of line
oOpen new line below + enter Insert mode
OOpen new line above + enter Insert mode
EscReturn to Normal mode

Visual Mode

Visual mode lets you select text before applying an operator.

KeyAction
vStart character-wise visual selection
VStart line-wise visual selection
rReplace 1 character under cursor
REnter Replace mode (overwrite continuously)

After selecting with v or V, apply any operator - d to delete, y to yank, c to change.

Command Mode (:)

Command mode accepts Ex commands. Press : from Normal mode to enter it.

CommandAction
:wSave file
:wqSave and quit
:q!Quit, discarding changes
:s/the/gcSubstitute on current line with confirm
:%s/the/Athe/gcGlobal substitution across the whole file

Tips

  • Always return to Normal mode (Esc) before navigating - it’s the hub.
  • Use o/O instead of going to end of a line and pressing Enter.
  • :wq and :q! are the two most muscle-memoried commands in Neovim.